Taqaandan through the Ages: Social Taboos, Puritanical Religions and 'Cracking' the Penis

Abstract

Introduction

Taqaandan (Kurdish: "to click") is a culturally rooted practice observed in Western Iran, involves the intentional cracking of an erect penis. Taqaandan stems from restrictive sociocultural norms and misconceptions about its benefits, often perpetuated by a lack of sexual education. Historically, penile fractures were first documented by 10th-century physician Albucasis. This study examines its historical, cultural, and clinical implications through five cases presented at a regional medical center

Sources and Methods

Patients with a history of penile and trauma were evaluated in the clinic following engagement in
Taqaandan. Clinical examination, imaging, and patient history were used to assess the impact of this practice. MRI findings, combined with clinical symptoms, informed the management strategy. We used primary and secondary sources to research further the history of Taqaandan.

Results

A total of five patients a mean of 24.6 (18-29) years presented with penile pain, bruising, and swelling. Four (80%) reported the characteristic "pop" sound indicative of partial tunica albuginea rupture. MRI findings revealed localized edema or partial defects without evidence of complete fractures or urethral injury. Conservative management, including rest, non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and follow-up, proved effective, with no long-term complications reported.

Conclusions

This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive health education to address myths surrounding Taqaandan, reducing its prevalence and risks. While no surgical intervention was required in these cases, the practice highlights the sociocultural stigma surrounding sexual arousal. Further research is essential to quantify its global impact and develop preventative strategies.

Key Words

Andrology; Taqaandan; History; penile fracture; penile clicking; Sexual health education

Ethics Statement This study received a waiver from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) regulatory support centre and the UK National Health Service Health research authority (HRA)